The past decade has witnessed a gradual change in energy consumption patterns, which in the past have heavily depended on fossil fuels. As global energy consumption increased, the first world – and increasingly, developing countries – looked to renewable energy sources such as solar, hydroelectric, wind and biomass power as substitutes for fossil fuels. This trend marked by the proliferating use of hybrid cars, solar powered homes, and waste-to-energy biomass power plants. The main reasons behind this shift include
Environmental damage due to greenhouse gasses (GHG) emitted by fossil fuels
Depletion of non-renewable fossil fuel reserves
Biomass power ranked as the 4th largest energy source in the world. Based on the stated reasons, the rationale of biomass’ growth in recent and future times is immediately clear. The use of biomass such as agricultural residue and industrial waste for energy generation is ‘greener’ than fossil fuel since the combustion of the former emits significantly less GHG. Reducing fossil fuel use also curbs the depletion of these non-renewable resources, thus improving the environmental sustainability of global energy generation.
Concomitantly, biomass energy generation has an added environmental advantage over other renewable energy sources, in that it reduces agricultural and industrial waste by converting them into useful sources of energy. Destroying such waste through incineration otherwise detriments the environment. Given the ever expanding nature of economies and industries, the global supply of waste (and fuel for biomass energy generation) will always be in abundance, rendering biomass energy generation sustainable even in the long run.
The environmental benefits of biomass utilisation have urged the Global Environmental Facility and Kyoto Protocol to encourage biomass energy generation. Under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) Programme of the Kyoto Protocol, biomass power plants qualify for carbon credits, which can be applied against GHG emissions, or sold on an open carbon market to other entities wishing to mitigate their GHG emissions. By participating in the CDM Programme, biomass power plant projects stand to gain from CDM funds in terms of equity participation, guarantees, preferential loan terms and gains from carbon credit trade.
These factors combined make biomass energy sustainable from the business and environmental sense, a trait that will promote certain growth in both its demand and supply.
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