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Boiler System & Water Circulation

Boiler Technique

The performance range thus far:
Steam rating                      up to 100 ton/hr
Steam pressure                up to 64 bar
Steam temperature          up to 480 °C

Apart from the above mentioned, IPT cater for larger capacities as well as other boiler types (hot water and thermal oil for process) are basically different by several characteristic features.

System Description

IPT/ERK - Boiler is a natural circulation boiler well proven in many plants under difficult conditions. They distinguish themselves with a robust and clear design best fitted for the demand of power stations or industrial applications. IPT/ERK - Boiler is designed and built for low maintenance and high reliability.

The pressurized body is made of a stable framework. Downcomers, headers and tube walls are welded together to form a gas-tight tube cage.

The tube-cage, with its heating surface and convection banks, stand on the ground and self-supported by downcomers from all four corners of the boiler (corner tubes). Other boiler types need heavy supporting frames where they are hung in. Those frames are not necessary in IPT-Boilers. Hence, complicated connections between boiler and cold frame do not exist.

Water Circulation in IPT/ERK-Boilers

Usual Natural Circulation Boiler

          S = heated riser tubes
          Q = heating
          F = downcomer
          V = header

IPT/ERK-Boiler

          U = overflow tube
          G = mixture tube
          R = unheated return tube
          S = heated riser tube
          Q = heating
          F = drum downcomer
          V = header (distributor)
          Z = header (collector)

Riser tubers S are heated.
The density difference between downcomers F (pure water) and riser tubes S (mixture of water and steam) causes a flow upside to the drum.
In the drum, water and steam are separated. The water flows through the downcomers F to the headers of the riser tubes.

Also in IPT boilers riser tubes S are heated.
The water-steam mixture flows upwards.
In the upper header Z, steam is partly separated from water. The water flows through unheated return tubes R to the lower headers V.
The partly separated steam flows through the overflow tube U to the steam space of the drum. The remaining mixture runs through mixture tube G.
The final separation of water and steam takes place in the drum. The lower headers are fed by the downcomers F.
Due to the return tubes R the route of water is shortened and the water circulation is improved.
The heating surfaces can be arranged at quite a long distance from the drum.

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